human hcc cell lines hepg2  (ATCC)

Journal: International Journal of Biological Sciences

Article Title: Combining sorafenib with spermine and sphingosine synergistically enhances anticancer efficacy by modulating metabolic pathways and gut microbiome in hepatocellular carcinoma

doi: 10.7150/ijbs.118753

Figure Lengend Snippet: Clinical relevance of SMOX , CERS1 , and SPHK1 expression and combining effects of sorafenib with spermine or sphingosine in HCC organoids. (A-B) The overall survival rates of liver cancer patients in TCGA were plotted according to the expression levels of the SMOX metabolic enzyme of spermine (A) and the CERS1 and SPHK1 metabolic enzymes of sphingosine (B) using KM Plotter. (C-D) The relative gene expression of SMOX (C) and SPHK1 (D) in normal (left) and tumor (right) tissues from adrenal cancer (Adrenal), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), bladder cancer (Bladder), breast cancer (Breast), colon cancer (Colon), esophageal cancer (Esoph), liver cancer (Liver), lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSQ), ovary cancer (Ovary), pancreatic cancer (Pancreas), prostate cancer (Prostate), rectal cancer (Rectum), renal clear cell cancer (RCC), renal CH (RCH), renal PA (RPA), skin cancer (Skin), stomach cancer (Stomach), testis cancer (Testis), thyroid cancer (Thyroid), uterine CS cancer (UCS), and uterine EC (UEC). *: Mann-Whitney p<0.05 and expression >10 in tumor or normal tissue. (E-F) Patient-derived HCC SNU-423-CO organoids were treated with sorafenib with and without spermine or sphingosine for 6 days. (E) Representative images were obtained using a confocal microscope (TS100, Nikon, Tokyo, Japan). Scale bar, 50 μm. ( F ) Organoid formation efficiency and cell viability were assessed by CellTiter-Glo 3D assay. The relative organoid cell viability was plotted. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Patient-derived HCC SNU-423-CO organoids were obtained from KCLB (Seoul, Korea) and maintained using the human HCC organoid culture kit (Med Chem Express, Princeton, NJ, USA), supplemented with 50 ng/ml EGF, 100 ng/ml FGF, 25 ng/ml HGF, 10 mM forskolin, 1 × B27, 10 mM nicotinamide, 5 mM A83-01, 1.25 mM N-acetylcysteine, and 50 mg/ml primocin .

Techniques: Expressing, Gene Expression, MANN-WHITNEY, Derivative Assay, Microscopy

Journal: Translational Oncology

Article Title: β-Sitosterol enhances the anti-tumor efficacy of sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma via the FXR/LXR/ SREBP1/ FASN pathway

doi: 10.1016/j.tranon.2025.102610

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antitumor effects of SIT and combined treatment on HCC cells. HepG2 cells (A) and Hepa1–6 cells (B) were administrated SIT, sorafenib, and sorafenib + SIT at serial concentrations, and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays were used to determine the cell viability. HepG2 cells (C) and Hepa1–6 cells (D) were treated with SIT (2 μM), sorafenib (10 μM) or a combination of both, and cell proliferation was evaluated using the 5-ethynyl-29-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay. HepG2 cells (E) and Hepa1–6 cells (F) were treated with SIT (2 μM), sorafenib (10 μM) or a combination of both, and cell apoptosis induction was evaluated using flow cytometry. Hepa1–6 cells (G) were treated with SIT (2 μM), sorafenib (10 μM) or a combination of both, and vasculogenic mimicry (VM) formation was evaluated in three-dimensional culture. Data were presented as mean ± SEM, n = 3, One-way ANOVA. * p < .05; ** p < .01; *** p < .001; and **** p < .0001.

Article Snippet: The human HCC cell line HepG2 and the murine HCC cell line Hepa1–6 was purchased from the American Type Culture Collection.

Techniques: Cell Counting, CCK-8 Assay, EdU Assay, Flow Cytometry